12.1) File Streams

File input/output uses streams, just like console input/output
There are three relevant stream types,made available via #include <fstream>

ifstream, representing an input file
ofstream, representing an output file
fstream, representing a file used for both input and output

After creating one of those stream objects, I/O can be done just as it is with cin and cout
If dealing with text files

Use the >> operator to read values from the stream
Use the << operator to write values to the stream

If dealing with binary files (not covered here)

Use the read method to read bytes from the stream
Use the write method to write bytes to the stream