2.1) Primitive Data Types of C++: Integers

Signed types:

• char (occupies 1 byte, range -128 to 127)
• short (occupies 2 bytes, range -32,768 to 32,767)
• int (occupies 4 bytes, range -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647)
• long (occupies 8 bytes, range -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)

Unsigned types:

• unsigned char (range 0 to 255)
• unsigned short (range 0 to 65,535)
• unsigned int (range 0 to 4,294,967,295)
• unsigned long (range 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615)

(Sizes and ranges are machine-dependent! The figures above are for a 64-bit CPU.)

Representation of literal values:

• For base 10, do not use leading zeroes - e.g. 42
• For base 8, use a leading 0 - e.g., 052
• For base 16, use a leading 0x - e.g., 0x2a, 0xff
• To indicate use of a long value, use L as a suffix - e.g., 42L (lowercase L is also permitted but should be avoided as it is too easily confused with the digit 1)
• To indicate use of an unsigned value, use U or u as a suffix - e.g., 42U
• Use both suffixes to indicate an unsigned long value - e.g., 42UL