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Additional Resources


  • Axelrod, R. (1997). The complexity of cooperation: Agent-based models of competition and collaboration. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Cedermann, L.-E. (1997). Emergent Actors in World Politics: How States and Nations Develop and Dissolve. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Epstein, J. M., & Axtell, R. (1996). Growing artificial societies: social science from the bottom up. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press.
  • Heppenstall, A. J., Crooks, A. T., & See, L. M. (2012). Agent-Based Models of Geographical Systems: Springer Dordrecht.
  • Holland, J. H. (1995). Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Janssen, M. A. (2002). Complexity and ecosystem management: the theory and practice of multi-agent systems. Cheltenham: Elgar.
  • Tesfatsion, L., & Judd, K. L. (2006). Handbook of computational economics: agent-based computational economics (Vol. 2). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Grimm, V., & Railsback, S. F. (2005). Individual-based Modeling and Ecology: Princeton University Press.
  • van Dam, K. H., Nikolic, I., & Lukszo, Z. (2013). Agent-Based Modelling of Socio-Technical Systems: Springer, Netherlands.
  • Miller, J. H., & Page, S. E. (2007). Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.